داالترجمه استاد غازی صانعی مترجم رسمی ایران
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past simple and past continuous
گذشته ساده و گذشته استمراری
گذشته ساده کاری که در گذشته انجام و تمام شده هست ولی گذشته استمراری بیان میکند یک فعالیتی رو در گذشته مثلا شما در گذشته کاری رو انجام میدادین در حال
انجام دادن بودین بعد یکی میاد ان کار شما رو قطع میکنه پس یک طرف جمله که قطع میکنه میشه استمراری و سمت دیگه گذشته ساده . و اگر بیشتر دقت کرده باشین توی این کتابهای داستان زیاد
از گذشته ساده و استمراری استفاده میشه
البته من قبلا در مورد گذشته ساده توضیح دادم . در اینجا تفاوت مینویسم و سوال و جواب که بیشتر متوجه بشیم . اگر وقت شد بعدا برای هر کدوم از قواعدها متنی هم قرار خواهم داد تا بیشتر متوجه زمانها بشویم.
و دیگه اینکه بگم در گذشته ساده افعال باقاعده
regular اکثرا ed میگیرند مثل learned و افعال بی قاعده بدون ed هست مثل go که گذشته ان went هست و بعضی هم هر دو حالت رو دارا هستند.مثل
leaned . learnt
past simole
1 the normal rule is to add_ ed
worked started
if the verb ends in -e . add - d
2 if the verb has only one syllable + one vowel+ one consonant double the consonant
stopped planned
3 if the verb ends in a consonant +-y . changh the _y to _ied.
studied carried
ther are many common irrerular verbs.
form
the form of the past simple is the same for all persons.
positive
i finished yesterday
he / she/ it finished yesterday .
we arrived yesterday.
they went yesterday.
negative
the negative of the past simple is formed with didnt.
he walked
he didnt walked.
i didnt (did not ) arrive yesterday
he / she/ /it didnt t arrive yesterday .
you didn t arrive yesterday .
they didnt arrive yesterday.
question
the question in the past simple is formed with did.
she finished
when did she arrive ?
when did you arrive?
when did they arrive?
when did etc. arrive?
short answer
did you go to work yesterday ?yes . i did
did it rain last night? no . it didnt.
use 1
1 the past simple express a pst action that is now fininshe.
we played in london from 1994 to 1999.
john left two minutes ago.
2 notice the time expressions that are used with the past simple.
i did it last year.
last month
five years ago.
yesterday morning
in 1985.
past continuous
form
was/ were +-ing
present participle
positive and negative
I was (was not ) working
he was (was not ) working
she
it
we were working
you were working.
they werent (were not ) working.
question
what was i doning?
what was he doing?
what was she doing?
what were we doing?
what were you doing?
what they doing?
short answer
were you working yesterday? yes . i was.
was she studing when you arrived? no she wasn t .
use
1 the past continuouss expresses a past activivty thet has duration.
i met her while i was living in paris.
you were making a lot of noise last night .
what were you doing?
2 the activity began before the action expressed by the past simple.
she was making coffee when we arrived.
when i phoned siomon he was having dinner.
3 the past continuous expresses an activity in progress befpre . and probably after . a time in the past.
when i worked up this morning. the sun was shinning.
what were you doing at 8 .00 last night?
past simple and continuous
1 the past simple expresses past action as simple facts.
i did my homework last night.
what did you do yesterday evening? i watched tv.
2 the past continuous gives past activities time and duration. the activity can be interrupted.
what were you doing? at 8.00? i was watching tv.
i was doing my homework when jane arrived.
3 in stories . the past continuous can describe the scens. the past simple tells the action.
4 the questions below refer to different time time periods.the past continuous asks about activities before. and the past simple asks about what happened after.
what were you doing when it started to rain? we were playing tennis.
what did you do when it started to rain? we went home .
+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه بیست و هفتم فروردین ۱۳۸۷ ساعت 18:44 توسط مریم دوستی
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preposition in time expressions
سلام دوستان عزیز
در این پست میخواهم در مورد حروف اضافه که با چه زمانهایی همراه هستند و با چه زمانهایی نه .البته این فعلا ساده است بعدا کم کم بیشتر می نویسم .
می خواستم براشون جدول بکشم ولی فعلا وردم کار نمیکنه همینجوری نوشتم .
at
at six o clock
at midnight
at christmas
at the weekend
on
on saturday
on monday morning
on christmas day
on january 18
in
in the morning/ afternoon/ evening
indecember
in1995
in two weeks time
no preposition
today
yesterday
tomorrow
the day before yesterday
last night
last week
two weeks ago
next month
yesterday evening
tomorrow evening
this evening
tonight.
the day after tomorrow
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